New Record of Hybanthus enneaspermus in Singapore

Voila! It is Violaceae - the Violet Family!

After two days of mental acrobatics, I finally identified this wild herb I found growing amongst grasses by the wayside recently.

Hybanthus enneaspermus or Spade Flower has a distribution  ranging from the African and Indian continent to South East Asia, New Guinea and Australia.

This discovery, however, records its occurrence in Singapore for the very first time.

Low spreading Herb with tap root. 

Flowers short-lived, opening at dawn and closing up by 11am.

Orientation of flowers. 

The Lesser Grass Blue butterfly inserting it's proboscis to sip nectar from the spur of the flower. 

Size of flower. Leaves and stems covers by fine glandulous short hairs.

Seeds from capsule which split into three valves. 

Celebrating International Day of Forests 2018: Listen to the Forest Streams

Celebrating International Day of Forests at MacRitchie 

Bird's eye view of MacRitchie rain fores

Listen to her streams.

https://youtu.be/U398zWl-SBY

   

Poem: A 100-year-old Bodhi Tree

A 100-year-old Bodhi Tree

I found it standing 

on a quiescent knoll

offering a lofty view 

of Paya Lebar

in part.

I wondered 

how it would feel like

if I could share 

the life of this tree –

one 7-year-old boy –

sitting beneath as he would 

40 years ago

and looking down 

the bucolic view

when all was green

as far as his eyes could see.

He would be sad indeed - 

very sad – knowing 

this tree of his roots

would be cut down 

40 years on and now...

how... how have we no room

for a gentle old tree?

Where it stands - be it

Buddhist or Taoist, Hindu or Sikh,

a temple, a mosque, 

church or synagogue,

 - the tree, wherever it may 

destined be,

provides its loving shade

to all in need.

Brethren, 

need we a better world for

multi-culturalism 

and ethnicity

and peace

than under a gentle tree?

Come brethren,

come touch this Bodhi Tree –

For it may soon be too late

to offer your hopes

that 100 years

 of loving kindness

will not be torn, shattered 

and gored

to splinters and dust.

- Joseph Lai

Poem: Mute Fingers

Mute Fingers

Bitter sweet waters

on a tearful strand;

his mute fingers

writing in the sand.

He could not enter,

he could not understand;

this benign ancient mariner

could not fathom the hearts of Man.

They worship diamonds so divine,

scorched from the bowels of the earth;

but of his sand-scripted shrine,

they rip asunder into the hearth.

And the four seas they divide,

claim and reclaim;

the master calligrapher did unite

all lands as the same.

Yet he remains a patient fisher

of simple women and men –

poets, painters, songwriters and seekers –

caught on a lark now and then.

You hear them in the children’s laughter,

you see them playing in the sea,

you see them in their mother and father,

and you can hear their hearts in plea.

A plea the plovers and the sandpipers

will understand;

for he was their teacher and provider

long before Man became Man.

- Joseph Lai

Poem: My Little Candle

My Little Candle

my little candle

does shed

a little circle of light

which guides

my way in life

on a migratory flight

the warmth I feel

within my heart

it stay

and in the setting suns

on my horizon

does my spirit play

rejoice thus I

within its glow

a flicker on my cheeks does show

to smile with nature’s creations

whose names

I need not know

so might I remain

forever true and free

from snaring Dead Knowledge

to hold fast my candle vigil

over the lightness

of my passage

whence with age my eyes doth fail

I hope the sparkle within

to keep

and follow my heart

into the wonders

of a star-spangled sleep 

- Joseph Lai

Poem: Heartstrings of my Island

Heartstrings of My Island

are there

heartstrings taut

and a’pulling

barred

so strong

and tender once

my ancestral home

to me

where nay never

shall I leave

here my motherland

liberated

and return

again and again

to you impatiently

even

in my sleep

that old familiar

bumboat

droning low

in the sound of my youth?

here I am

coming home

even in my sea-dreams!

- Joseph Lai

Celebrating Singapore Shores 2018: Seas the Day

Let me begin with my mom. She grew up tough in exceptional circumstances of being orphaned at a very young age during World War II. The only schooling she had is the University of Life.

I believe she must have cried a thousand million times being thrown into the streets literally. However, one thing for sure, she never gave in to despair nor let hardship hardened her. Life did not succeed in robbing her heart of gold.

Equally true to form, she often speak with the clarity of wisdom borne from the austerity of her life experiences. One constant refrain that still rings in my mind is her admonishment in Cantonese - 'ng ho tok seh shih'. Literally translated, it means 'study not dead books'.

In short, THINK. Free yourself. FEEL. Have a mind and heart. All knowledge and schooling you will ever have is dead so long as you do not think and expand. Unfettered yourself. Imagine. There is more in you that your life is worthy of you. Do not be confined. Step forward.

It is the spirited life she is asking us to live by. My mom never taught me ABC but all I need to know she did. This I truly believe.

I am writing this piece to celebrate Singapore Shores with my good friend Ria Tan on the occasion of the International Year of the Reef 2018. But why do I begin with the story of my mom and her admonishment?

I think there is a precious message that friends, especially in nature community, need to hear and understand.

You know, I was at a lonely beach by the ocean not long ago and wrote a poem - my first in Chinese. I felt the joy of a pebble rushing with the surge of raw intensity amidst the thunderous claps of her waves and I felt small yet eternally alive and large in the spirit of that timeless space called LIFE.

I take this occasion to muse again with a question - How does one or anyone truly celebrate Singapore Shores or the reefs or the sea for that matter? Would you have accumulated all known knowledge and have at the tip of your tongue names of all creatures of the seas, and quantify your schooling with every PhD you can ever lay hands on... would you have celebrated in truth if you cannot sit by her ocean waves and simply love her?

If you do profess any advocacy, start from within. Take that precious heart and mind out from within and work magic with the knowledge that only you alone can uniquely give to the world. You have in you the strength and integrity of the individual to impact the world. Don't cap it; draw from it. Nurture it with the purity and sincerity of purpose to which you feel called to.

I am no marine biologist and no PhD to my name although no one doubt my passion for plants as an out-and-out field botanist, but this does not stop me from stepping out and make an impact for the seas. I reproduce a letter I wrote in 2009 as an encouragement to all who wants to advocate and truly celebrate the seas. Seas the Day!

...Yes, my mother would have approved. 'Ng ho tok seh shih'.


** An Appeal Please Stop the Sales of Moray Eels at Sheng Shiong **

Dear Sir,

my name is Joseph Lai (49), a botanist and an active advocate for nature conservation in Singapore. Please accept my warmest greetings to you, Sir.

I am writing in my personal capacity to seek most humbly your kind understanding in stopping all future sales of moray eels at Sheng Shiong.

It has recently come to the attention of the nature community in Singapore that live moray eels are being sold as food at Sheng Shiong. I have verified it to be true at your Bedok branch. See webpage http://lazy-lizard-tales.blogspot.com/2009/03/why-slaughter-and-eat-thesebeautiful.html?showComment=1237436340000#c9103354966332138971

My concerns are: 1) Are these caught directly from the wild? Or are they farmed animals? Unless the source of the supply can be validated as farmed and bred in captivity, we are inclined to believe that wholesale (and market-scale) stocks are being caught directly from the wild. This would not only cause an uncontrolled decimation of the species through unsustainable wild harvesting but it would also irreversibly tip the fine ecological balance of coral reefs whenever top-predators like the moray eels are being removed from their local habitats. Inasmuch, the uniqueness of their natural history and their special niche within the ecosystem cannot be overstated enough here. One must understand that these highly-predacious and nocturnal eels are non-gregarious by nature and are territorial in habit. Eels keep each other naturally at ‘arm-length’ in a thinly-spread out community. Population density is therefore invariably low over any given unit area of any locality within its range. As a result of which, this low small number contributes in a big uncompromising way to species rarity. 

2) Secondly, why start and encourage a demand of an exotic food where in Singapore none of it existed at all before? I have not, in all my years growing up and working in Singapore encountered moray eels being sold in the market or served as delicacies in the restaurant. It is my hope that the interest in eating moray eels will never take root here in Singapore. I believe Sheng Shiong can help by stopping immediately all future sales of these moray eels. The fact of the matter is this: an exotic animal which is rare at the same time should never be eaten.

3) Lastly, high level of Ciguatoxin has been found in many species of moray eels. This type of toxicity is heatresistant and therefore cannot be neutralized by conventional cooking. The risk of poisoning is ever-present as many of the moray eels around the world are truly understudied. Moray eels are also known to inflict severe bites with their razor-sharp teeth and bacteria-laden mouth. I am really keen to know how rigorous your moray import has been subjected to by AVA in this respect.

The informed public like myself have in modern times taken on a greater personal responsibility towards effecting a safer environment and a sustainable future so dependent on the wise use of our natural resources. I hope, through this humble request, I have cause to celebrate with Sheng Shiong a corporate responsibility that can manifest itself as a universal friend in nature conservation – educating the greater public (your satisfied customers islandwide) with informed retailing and with a restraint that is beyond profit. I believe Sheng Shiong can be such a corporation.

 Your esteemed reply is most appreciated. Thank you.

Yours truly,


Joseph Lai Botanist

Important Footnote:
I do not know what impact the appeal letter may have on Sheng Shiong management. I did not receive any reply. However, I noted that shortly after, the sales of moray eels seemed to have terminated. No more live moray eels on display. In any case, all I needed to know is that I did my imperfect best. I have every wish in my heart that Sheng Shiong does what is right by themselves and take credit for it. That is why I kept the appeal away from public scrutiny. No one, not even my close friends knew about it; all except Nature Society and ACRES whom I informed in the hope that they also act for the moray eels.

Read how to write an appeal :
Postcards to our dear Prime Minister

Rare tree at Chek Jawa coastal hill discovered: Fahrenheitia pendula, a new record for PulauUbin

Lovely Chek Jawa never ceases to amaze. This is my second time encountering Fahrenheitia pendula (now called Paracroton pendula) . My first was in 1996 at Bukit Timah Hill. What an early Christmas present for me. Thank you, CJ. Kisses.

Rare Trees at MacRitchie Forest: Xerospermum noronhianum and Ormosia bancana

A joy to behold indeed. These are some very rare wild rambutan and beans that can be found in MacRitchie Forest.

Clase-up of fruit of Xerospermum noronhianum

Lenticellated bark of Xerospermum noronhianum

Erect spray of fruits of Xerospermum noronhianum

Leaves are highly variable for Xerospermum noronhianum

Single seeded pod of Ormosia bancana

Tussles of open pods on tree

Tall buttresses of Ormosia bancaca

Tall Oldgrowth Coastal Forest of Marsiling

My Rotherham Gate

In the 70’s,

Rotherham Gate can still be seen

as a charming pair of mossy concrete posts

with wrought iron gates and spiky fences.

I knew it well

as I lived only a stone throw away.

And as often as I took the road - a young man -

down the gate and jogged along the picturesque coastal road,

I encrypted a world of a past-present tense
pressed in by nuances of green

romancing every step in me as always

a lone runner today.

In year 2000,

I drew a sketch like a swiftlet would make her nest.

Au naturel yet home of my reality,

A gate of mine now – grit, spit, blood and tears.

And Bumber dear o' so very near
Her rest on sunset meadow endears. 

No one knew better than me like the oldgrowth forest

lording over the gate - my touchstone of time.

In 2017,

I stood by now a solitary invisible gatepost.

I met a young man jogging pass.

He did not see me but I did with my 58-year-old eyes.

I knew where he was going and more. He did not.

And how could he have known the heart of this oldgrowth forest?

Not Endospermum diadenum or Lindera lucida,

Not Macaranga conifera or Bauhinia biflora,

Not Ilex, Palaquium, Archidendron ellipticum…

No, not a single tree that holds up the sheltering sky.

But now he knows.

He knows I loved him and always will.

- Joseph Lai

Me and Bumber

My sketch of Rotherham Gate and plants in year 2000.

Tidal creek Sungei China nearby. 

Trees of oldgrowth forest averaging 30m.

The oldgrowth forest lording at the Causeway over surrounding farmlands in a archival photo dating the 1950s.

Rubus moluccanus 2017

Coastal road of Marsiling. 

Large banyan engulfing the remaining gatepost below the oldgrowth forest 2017.

The canopy of the oldgrowth forest 2017.

Lindera lucida 2017

Endospermum diadenum 2017

Cinnamomum javanicum: The Spice of Life

A rare find! Cinnamomum javanicum

Cinnamomum javanicum is a native wild cinnamom tree considered to be critically endangered in Singapore. It is so very rare that to find not one but two (though young trees) close together is to me an exceptional event in modern-day Singapore. All the more poignant that they should be found in MacRitchie forest currently threatened by the intrusion of the Cross Island MRT Line.

Persistence did the job. And love too. Going where no one go, I do cut a happy trooper most of the time and I am glad. A fruitful start coming at the turn of a new year but not without the bittersweet spice of life attending the wake of my consciousness. It was only last Christmas Eve that I was told of my dear friend's passing. Dr Benito Tan or Ben as I affectionately called him; he is and will forever be etched in my memory as among the best of friends that I could ever find. I am indeed blessed.

Death, Love and Time are my constant friends; recurring themes that I find so much alive and ado living with nature, especially for a happy 58-year-old that is me. The taste of joy is hard to describe when the contemplative recesses of experience never leave you alone. You remember in your head where whither you have been all these years and in your heart whom you have known and loved and got inspired. I thank them all. Such is the spice of life.

This discovery comes also in the wake of an oil spill in the vicinity of our much-loved Pulau Ubin island. Only a few days earlier I swam almost 200m towing a long train of oil booms to secure the seaward side of our marvelous mangrove at Chek Jawa. I did not want my young inexperienced colleagues to do it so I took the plunge myself. It is over and done with and I am glad. I have Dr Tan Wee Kiat (formerly of NIE) to thank though. He taught me an invaluable respect of the sea and the skill of drown-proofing. He also showed me what a wonderful human person could ever aspire to be. To him (a non-botanist) and all my esteemed botanists (past and present) I put at the threshold of your door my deepest respect; all mistakes and failures are mine totally. (Haha)

Last but not least, this moment of happiness has been heightened by Prof. Teh Tiong Sa coming online in Facebook after such a long break of silence! I was worried and as you can imagine, immensely glad to know he is well at long last. To him I am deeply indebted. Gave me courage when I needed it most and all the time inspiring me with his love of outdoor and his keen sense of enquiry as a geographer. I aim no less to see beyond the normal and be out there as much as I can in the field - happily ground truthing.

For these and many things I am truly glad and give thanks.

Leaf as long as 25cm

Long drooping slender branches

Leaf arrangement - opposite, sub-opposite and spiral

Aerial roots

Lamina bullate with pointed leaf tip

Midrib and secondary nerves raised above

Midrib and lamina hairy throughout

Secondary nerves and inter-marginal veins hairy throughout

Hairy rounded stem and bud

Tripli-nerved and densely hairy